New Hampshire Cosmetology Practice Exam

What are the main components of the epidermis?

1. Melanin and sebum

2. Keratin and fats

3. Collagen and elastin

4. Hair pigment and sweat

The correct answer is: Keratin and fats

The epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin, is primarily composed of keratin and lipids, often referred to as fats. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein that provides structural strength and protects the skin from damage. It is also a key component of the skin barrier, helping to prevent water loss and protect against environmental aggressors. The lipids or fats in the epidermis, including ceramides, play a crucial role in maintaining skin hydration and integrity. They help to form a protective barrier that locks moisture in and keeps irritants out, contributing to overall skin health. The other components mentioned in the incorrect choices, such as melanin and sebum, collagen and elastin, or hair pigment and sweat, do not represent the main structural components of the epidermis. Melanin is present in the epidermis and provides pigmentation, while sebum is an oily substance produced by sebaceous glands found in the dermis, not the epidermis. Collagen and elastin are primarily found in the dermis, contributing to skin elasticity and strength. Hair pigment and sweat are also associated with other functions and layers of the skin rather than serving as main components of the epidermis.